Macomb's transformation into its modern state began in earnest during the 1920s. The 1920s brought about immense economic shifts in the county as industries that once defined the county began to erode under the pressure of national and international competition. Agriculture became the only industry of the “old guard” that continued to employ thousands of residents and be profitable. Macomb began its transformation into a retail economy as economic power began to consolidate in Macomb. The 1920s also included a great amount of political turmoil regarding the institution of prohibition throughout the United States. The consumption of alcohol would not be stopped and a number of individuals would take advantage of the end to legal sales of alcohol by acquiring and then selling their own stashes of alcohol to residents of McDonough County.
None would be more successful than Henry Wagle in this endeavor. McDonough County was also home to Illinois’ only female mayor in 1925, Hattie Polk of Colchester. She was most known for her staunch stance against the consumption and sale of alcohol, and she'd launch a long-lasting campaign against many bootleggers in the county.
Farmers were recovering from the agricultural depression that stemmed from the end of World War One. Debt had taken a stranglehold over numerous family farms in the county which led to nearly 130 foreclosures between 1920 and 1925. In most cases, these farms would be ripped up and purchased by other farmers who were in a better financial position. These farmers were able to take advantage of the modernization of farming equipment as specialized tractors became more reliable and more affordable. Farmers of the 1920s owned more assets and produced more crops than any of their ancestors prior to 1910.
Farmers were also some of the first in McDonough County to purchase cars for everyday use. Their familiarity with engine-powered vehicles made them more likely to be comfortable with the prospect of trading in the horse and buggy for the automobile. Many farmers spent their weekends going to Macomb to do their weekly shopping and to enjoy some of the entertainment options available. Barbershops, theaters, and businesses on the square were regularly filled with these farmers. The increased mobility of thousands of residents allowed for Macomb to become the biggest consumer market in the county. Big retail stores began to set up shop in Macomb during this decade and effectively destroyed the small community economies of the surrounding towns. This is evident today as Macomb is home to Walmart, Hy-Vee, Farm King and a number of other chain stores.
McDonough County fervently enforced prohibition throughout the 1920s. Mayor Polk teamed up with Andrew Hainline, who was a state’s attorney based in Macomb.
